SAT备考 | SAT文法知识点第21期

SAT文法知识系列栏目说明：每期分享3-5个文法知识点，帮助大家更好地备考SAT。
一、简洁
1.含义：
语法规则表达准确，并且句子结构表达简洁。
2.类型：
（1）简洁题 - 有效的书写规则1
3. 用法
（1） 主动 > 被动（主动优先于被动，“>”表示优先于，下同）
例句1: I shall always remember my first visit to Boston.
例句2: My first visit to Boston will always be remembered by me.
解析：例句1是主动语态而例句2是被动语态，主动语态通常比被动语态更直接(direct)，更有力(powerful)，故例句1更优先。
（2）直接动词 > there be 结构
例句1: There were a great number of dead leaves lying on the ground.
例句2：Dead leaves covered the ground.
解析：例句1和例句2表达意思相同，但例句2表达更直接(direct)，更为简洁，故例句2更优先。
（3）V. > Be
例句1: It was not long before he was very sorry that he had said what he had.
例句2: He soon repented his words.
解析：例句1和2表述内容一致，但例句2的repent比例句1的was更简洁。
题目检测
题目检测1
In the midst of the economic uncertainties of the Great Depression, Treasure Island and its accompanying fair offered a glimpse of optimism.
A. NO CHANGE
B. a glimpse of optimism was offered by Treasure Island and its accompanying
C. Treasure Island and its accompanying was offering a glimpse of optimism
D. Treasure Island and its accompanying was offered by a glimpse of optimism
解析：通过长短选项看出是简洁的考点，根据“主动优先于被动”的原则，排除含有was offered by被动内容的B和D项；又根据句意判断为一般过去时，所以排除含有was offering过去进行时的C项，所以选A。
题目检测2
Since 2005, there have been more women than men earning medical degrees in the United States.
A. NO CHANGE
B. more women have earned medical degrees than men in the United States.
C. more women earned medical degrees than men in the United States. 
D. there have more women than men earning medical degrees in the United States.
解析：通过长短选项看出是简洁的考点，根据“动词优先于there be”的原则，排除含有there be内容的A和D项；又根据标志词since 2005判断为现在完成时，所以排除含有earned的C项，所以选B。
题目检测3
The discovery that ended up eventually leading Johnson to his first Super Soaker model was serendipitous
A. NO CHANGE
B. was the thing that was instrumental in leading
C. was what led 
D. led
解析：通过长短选项看出是简洁的考点，根据“V. > Be动词优先于be动词”的原则，D项比B和C项要简洁，而A项end up与eventually重复，所以选D。