一起看看9.17的托福题目都是什么样的吧?
PART1上午场
01
阅读
1、在地球早期组成大气层的变化
2、蝴蝶与气候变暖：蝴蝶正处在变暖的时期，一些植物和动物都开始把它的活动范围向高纬度地区来进行移动。科学家们研究一种蝴蝶是怎样移动的。
3、18世纪欧洲的iron factories
4、美国殖民时期的经济
5、鸟类如何选择栖息地
6、地球氧气的变化与对应的影响
7、人类放弃渔猎变成农业为主的原因
02
听力
Conversation
1、女生来找officer要文件，发现自己没有完成毕业要求，发现自己在比利时的交换没有转化学分。
Lecture
1、考古发现
2、动物的信息交流行为
3、英国一个剧院的建筑风格
03
口语
独立口语
Task 1：
Some people play games or sports just for enjoyment and entertainment;Others play them for winning. Which do you prefer?
综合口语
Task 2：
学生写信说学校应该买一台3d打印机，这样可以给建筑和工程系的学生打印3d模型，并且说应该放在图书馆，因为那里大家最方便去用。
听力中部分同意部分反对：同意买打印机，因为比手作方便，并且说现在很多公司都要会用这个，但女生觉得放图书馆不好，应该放建筑系大楼，因为图书馆人太多，大家可能就是use it for fun了，会导致等待时间很久。
Task 3：
business strategy：定价(pricing)策略，把商品制定成2个version with slight difference，面向不同需求的客户;
听力：举例音乐软件有不同价位的服务，更热爱音乐的人回spend more for high tech，但其他人只是想听歌而已所以会用价格更低的服务。所以音乐软件公司原本又音质的资源但仍然会做两个service vision。
Task 4：
海洋动物采用各种不同的covering防卫机制来保护自己，以免受到阳光辐射和捕食者的伤害。一是防止阳光照射，二是免受捕食者的伤害。
04
写作
学术讨论
Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor's question.
In your response, you should do the following.
Express and support your opinion.
Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.
An effective response will contain at least 100 words.
Doctor：
As of this semester, I have embarked on a study to explore the various factors influencing children's cognition. It's becoming increasingly evident that a child's surroundings can significantly impact their development. In light of this, the question arises: should parents allow their children to watch online videos, whether for entertainment or educational purposes? Please share your insights on this matter, considering the potential effects on a child's cognitive growth.
Paul:
We should not allow young children, especially those under two years old, to watch videos. It's crucial for their development to engage in real-life communication with others during this critical period. Watching videos doesn't provide the opportunity for meaningful interaction. Even for older children, it's essential to prioritize physical activity over extended screen time. Instead of sitting still in front of screens, they should be encouraged to stay active to support their overall well-being.
Kelly:
I agree that very young children shouldn't be exposed to videos. However, I believe that older children can benefit from watching certain videos, especially those that showcase animals or provide unique insights not easily encountered in everyday life. These videos can be educational and expand their horizons by offering a window into experiences they might not otherwise have access to.
综合写作
美国的一些公共设施，其实是由它的政府部门来进行投资以及进行控制的。而现在政府慢慢的把这些公共资产卖给私人的一些公司。
阅读认为有三个好处：
1、资金回笼。政府可以从私有公司collect money，这是一笔很大的财政收，through toll fee(举例：芝加哥市政府将Chicago skyway出租给Private Company 99年，于是可以收钱99年，这么大笔财政收入用途广泛，可以from balancing budget to assist public schools)
2、私人公司可以维修桥梁(私有公司提供更好的维护，政府倾向于不断建造新的基础设施，而不维护旧的基础设施，这就可以看到很多城市的基础设施维护不完善。而私有公司在这个行业里面，因此更专业，能提供更好的维护)
3、私人公司会引进新技术(因为私有公司自己收钱，所以更有动力去更新技术，investment开发技术)
听力反驳：
1、短期内是可以回笼但是长期来看是亏的(反驳Chicago Skyway的例子：政府将Chicago Skyway的经营权出让给私有公司99年，可是同时也将"收钱的权利"出让给了私有公司99年。私有公司收到的钱很有可能最终超过"建设费用"，而这笔钱还不如让政府修建更多的新公路)
2、私有公司不会提供维护，只会关注short term profit(举例：南美一座城市的政府将water system出租给private company，结果私有公司只顾着收钱，根本不维修，使得供水系统条件in a bad condition，最后政府不得不收回供水系统自己维修)
3、私有公司不会引进新技术，通常一座城市只有一种基础设施，比如一个城市onlyone water system或者一套subway system，消费者没有选择，因此如果基础设施私有化，私人公司no competition around，这使他们能够维持垄断地位，从而没有动力去引进新技术。
PART2下午场
01
阅读
1、 真菌(fungi)与森林之间形成的互助关系
2、玛雅文明的衰落
02
听力
Conversation
学生测验后和老师对话，老师表示失望，认为学生应该准备更多内容，学生问没有拿到更多分数的原因。
Lecture
1、考古学：介绍两种文化(一个早于另外一个)的特征
2、考古学：之前一些研究者认为人类是走着迁移到某大陆的，但是现在认为可能是通过船舶。
3、微生物可以在极端环境下生存
03
口语
独立口语
Task 1：
Do you agree or disagree with the statement: universities should require students to participate in community activities?
综合口语
Task 2：
flexible meal plans
学生是Mixed opinions
Task 3：
动物如何提示， Predator 它有毒
Task 4：
暂缺，期待补充~
04
写作
学术讨论
Doctor Achebe:
In recent years, we've witnessed rapid advancements in science and technology that have transformed various aspects of our lives. These advancements bring about both opportunities and challenges. Now. let's delve into a critical question: ls the rapid pace of technological progress a positive or negative development? Please share your thoughts on whether you believe the fast-paced nature of scientific and technological advancements is ultimately beneficial or detrimental to society, and provide reasons to support your perspective.
Paul:
Certainly. Take, for instance, the field of healthcare. Medical advancements have significantly improved our quality of life and extended our lifespans. These innovations include breakthrough treatments, precision medicine, and cutting-edge medical technologies. As a result. diseases that were once fatal can now be managed or even cured. The increased longevity and enhanced well-being resulting from medical progress are compelling reasons to view rapid technological advancement as a positive force in our society
Kelly:
Indeed, there are concerns associated with the rapid pace of technological progress. One significant drawback is the potential for job displacement. As technology advances, some traditional jobs become obsolete. leading to unemployment for certain segments of the population. This issue of job loss raises questions about income inequality and the need for retraining programs to equip workers with new skills. Thus. it's essential to recognize that while progress is valuable, it also requires measures to address its adverse consequences.
综合写作
为什么一个地方不具有防御功能。
1、这个地点的墙壁没有完全包围，存在缺口，这可能会降低其防御性。墙壁不是连续的，有间新
2、这个地点有许多入口，这可能使其容易受到攻击。入口的数量多，可能会让敌人更容易进入。
3、缺乏储存大量水的证据，这可能使地点更容易在围攻时受到干旱的影响。
听力反驳:
1、尽管墙壁没有完全包围，但一些地方有天然的屏障，这可以弥补墙壁的不足。天然屏障可能是地形上的障碍物，有助防御。
2、这些入口实际上有助于提高可视性，使人们能够更早地发现敌人的入侵。虽然入口数量多，但它们并不宽敞，这有助于限制敌人的进入。
3、在当时的作战方法中，通常不采取长时间的包围战术。此外，进攻军队的补给可能不充分，而且气候可能干旱，这使得长时间的作战不太可能发生。因此，储存大量水的需求可能不那么迫切。
