阅 读 部 分

　　1、北极圈的一个文明的兴起与消亡

　　2、月球形成的两个理论the formation of the moon

　　3、AI的发展，主要说的是AI下棋，一种新的AI vs deep blue

　　4、欧洲早期人口增长带来的一系列变化，城镇化，收入快速增加，土地变稀缺，通胀等

　　2、听 力 部 分

　　暂缺

　　3、口 语 部 分

　　Task 1：重复2020年9月/2021年2月家考Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be encouraged to listen to or read news from an early age?

　　Task 2：学校图书馆计划建设绿色屋顶(green roof)，阅读说了两个好处。一是可以维持室内温度，减少空调使用;二是可以给大家提供室外学习的场所。听力反对，一是图书馆比较老旧了，返修需要大量成本，绿色屋顶的植物生长也需要额外费用维护;二是周围环境吵闹，不适合静心学习。

　　Task 3：Overclaiming。有些人认为自己非常擅长某一样事情但是实际只是夸大而已。教授举了一个实验的例子：找了一群志愿者做地理题，先做简单的让他们觉得自己很懂地理，然后列了几个城市名字，其中有真有假，让他们说出相关的信息，然后一些志愿者选了假的城市名字还说自己了解过。

　　Task 4：建水坝对动物的影响。1、会阻止某些动物进行正常的迁徙。比如，有些动物需要在河流中洄游以完成它们的迁徙，三文鱼就是一个例子，它们需要穿越河流以交配和产卵，但大坝阻止了它们完成这个自然周期，导致三文鱼数量减少。2、会改变周围的生态环境，破坏原有的动植物栖息地。例子是一种鸟类，它们生活在南美洲的高草地区，但大坝导致了这些高草地被淹没，从而使这种鸟类失去了栖息地，最终导致它们的灭绝。

　　4、写作 部 分

　　综合写作 重复2023.7.15/2022.8.23家考

　　城市拥堵的问题，是否要征收拥堵费?congestion pricing阅读：1. 出行人数减少，缓解拥堵，节省时间2. 减少噪音和污染，改善环境3. 增加收入，可用于改善基础设施听力反驳：1. 一些人选择绕行不收费的道路，反而浪费了更多的时间，因为非收费道路通常会更加拥堵，车辆密度更大2.收费区域相对于非收费区域来说，空气质量更好，噪音较少。3. 无法负担私家车的费用的人选择搭乘地铁等公共交通工具，地铁等公共交通的运营和维护成本增加。

　　学术讨论 Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor's question.In your response, you should do the following.Express and support your opinion.Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

　　Doctor:This week's course materials will focus on scientific discoveries. While scientific researchers usually prefer to share what they learn with other scientists, many businesses and governments keep certain scientific discoveries secret. Some people believe that all scientific discoveries should be shared freely among scientists all around the world and that governments and businesses should not keep any discoveries secret. What do you believe and why?Kelly：I don't think all discoveries should be shared. Businesses. for example, often spend a lot of money on scientific research in order to make a discovery that can lead to profit. Even if that discovery benefits everyone, the business has a right to keep the discovery secret so that it can develop a profitable product from the research.Paul:Sharing knowledge is crucially important to most scientists. Scientists usually publish the details of their discoveries in scientific journals, which means that everyone can see what the scientists have accomplished. Being recognized as the person who made a discovery is the biggest reward for any scientist. When scientists keep their discoveries secret, they lose that recognition. That is very unsatisfying.